Benefits of forests

Forests are invaluable to our planet, communities, and economies. They regulate the climate, cycle water, shield against natural hazards, nurture biodiversity, and support countless species - including our own. Through recreation, cultural inspiration, and well-being benefits - especially in urban environments - forests enrich our lives every day. 

Fair, responsible use of forest resources sustains livelihoods, drives local economies, and supports renewable products like wood and non-timber forest goods. At PEFC, we champion sustainable forest management and independent certification to ensure these benefits endure now - and for generations to come.

Climate regulation and carbon storage

Forests absorb around 2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year - about one-third of the CO₂ released from fossil fuels - making them essential in climate regulation (FAO & UNEP, 2020). Sustainably managed forests can store carbon not only in biomass but also in harvested wood products. For example, carbon remains locked in wood-based construction materials for decades, providing long-term climate benefits (IPCC, 2022). 

Water and natural hazard mitigation

Forests play a key role in the water cycle by capturing, storing, and releasing water. Tree roots enhance soil stability and reduce the risk of erosion and landslides. Forested watersheds supply 75% of the world’s accessible freshwater for domestic, agricultural, industrial, and ecological needs (UN Water, 2021). Forest cover also helps reduce the severity and frequency of natural disasters such as floods and droughts.

Biodiversity and ecosystem services

Forests are home to more than 80% of terrestrial animal, plant, and fungal species, making them the most biodiverse ecosystems on land (UNEP, 2021). Tropical rainforests, in particular, hold the richest concentration of life on Earth. In addition to biodiversity, forests offer key ecosystem services - including air purification, pollination, water filtration, and climate regulation. Even responsibly managed production forests can support ecosystem functions and habitat diversity when guided by sustainable practices.

Social, cultural and well-being benefits

Green spaces and forests promote physical and mental health, reduce stress, and improve quality of life. Research shows that exposure to nature can reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and ADHD, especially in children (WHO, 2016). In cities, urban forests lower temperatures, reduce air pollution, and offer recreational space. Many Indigenous Peoples and local communities hold deep cultural, spiritual, and ancestral ties to forests, which are central to their identities and ways of life.

Economic value and livelihoods

Forests contribute over USD 1.3 trillion annually to the global economy and provide employment for over 33 million people, particularly in rural areas (FAO, 2020). They offer food, fuel, building materials, and non-timber forest products such as medicinal plants, resins, and fibres. In addition, forests support tourism and recreation sectors, generating both direct income and wider economic benefits. When managed sustainably, forests offer long-term economic value while supporting environmental protection and social equity.

Sustainable management and resilience

Sustainable forest management is vital to ensure that forests continue to thrive and serve people and the planet. It involves balancing economic use with ecological and social safeguards. PEFC-certified forests are managed to internationally recognised standards that promote biodiversity, protect workers’ rights, and respect the needs of local communities. Certification is an essential tool to strengthen the resilience of forest ecosystems and ensure long-term sustainability - particularly in the face of climate change and global demand for resources.